Understanding Cervical Vertigo: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What Is Cervical Vertigo?

Cervical vertigo, also known as cervicogenic dizziness, occurs when problems in the neck affect the sensory nerves responsible for telling your brain about your body’s position. The condition typically results from damage to proprioceptors in the upper cervical region. These proprioceptors send signals to your brain about head position and movement. When these signals become distorted due to neck issues, the brain receives conflicting information from the eyes and inner ear, resulting in dizziness and disorientation. Cervical vertigo differs from other forms of vertigo because symptoms are often triggered or worsened by specific neck movements or positions rather than spontaneously occurring.

Common Causes of Cervical Vertigo

Several factors can lead to the development of cervical vertigo. Whiplash injuries from car accidents are among the most common causes, as they damage the delicate structures in the neck. Cervical osteoarthritis, which involves degeneration of the joints and discs in the neck, can also lead to cervical vertigo as it affects nerve function and proper movement. Poor posture, particularly from extended periods of looking down at phones or computers (known as “tech neck”), places stress on cervical structures and may contribute to this condition. Other potential causes include herniated discs, neck muscle spasms, and in rare cases, vertebral artery compression that reduces blood flow to the brain.

Recognizing Cervical Vertigo Symptoms

Cervical vertigo manifests through several characteristic symptoms that distinguish it from other forms of dizziness. The primary symptom is a sensation of spinning or disequilibrium that worsens with certain neck movements or positions. Unlike inner ear vertigo, the dizziness often persists for longer periods and may be described as a general feeling of unsteadiness rather than intense spinning. Patients frequently report neck pain or stiffness accompanying their dizziness. Headaches, particularly those originating from the base of the skull and radiating forward, are common. Many sufferers also experience muscle tension across the shoulders and upper back. Some people notice their symptoms worsen after prolonged periods in one position, such as working at a computer or driving.

How Is Cervical Vertigo Diagnosed?

Diagnosing cervical vertigo requires a comprehensive approach, as symptoms can overlap with other conditions. Healthcare providers typically begin with a thorough medical history, paying particular attention to any neck injuries, persistent pain, or previous diagnoses of cervical spine issues. A physical examination focuses on neck mobility, muscle strength, and neurological signs. The provider may perform provocative tests to determine if certain neck positions trigger dizziness. Diagnostic imaging often includes X-rays to assess bone alignment and MRIs to evaluate soft tissue structures and possible nerve compression. Because cervical vertigo is sometimes a diagnosis of exclusion, patients may undergo tests to rule out inner ear problems, including videonystagmography (VNG) and audiometry testing.

Treatment Approaches for Cervical Vertigo

Treatment for cervical vertigo typically involves addressing the underlying neck issues and managing symptoms. Physical therapy often forms the cornerstone of treatment, with therapists designing programs to improve neck mobility, strengthen supporting muscles, and correct posture problems. Manual therapy techniques, including gentle mobilization and manipulation, may help restore proper joint function and reduce nerve irritation. For patients with significant pain, medications like muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatories, or temporary pain relievers might be prescribed. Some individuals benefit from interventions such as cervical collars for short-term use during acute phases or nerve blocks to reduce inflammation around affected nerves.

Self-Management Strategies for Living with Cervical Vertigo

Beyond medical interventions, several self-management strategies can help individuals cope with cervical vertigo. Ergonomic adjustments to workspaces can prevent the neck strain that exacerbates symptoms. This includes positioning computer monitors at eye level, using supportive chairs, and taking regular breaks from static positions. Gentle home exercises prescribed by physical therapists help maintain neck mobility and strengthen supporting muscles. Heat therapy using warm compresses can relieve muscle tension, while cold therapy with ice packs may reduce inflammation during flare-ups. Stress management techniques such as mindfulness meditation or yoga (modified to avoid aggravating neck positions) can be beneficial, as stress often intensifies symptoms. Many patients find that maintaining a symptom journal helps identify specific triggers and track improvement over time.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.