Understanding PSA Levels: A Comprehensive Guide to Prostate Health Monitoring

What Is PSA Level and Why It Matters

PSA is a protein specifically produced by prostate cells. While it’s normal for men to have some PSA in their blood, elevated levels may indicate various prostate conditions, including inflammation, enlargement, or cancer. Regular PSA testing becomes particularly important for men over 50, or earlier for those with risk factors such as family history or African American heritage.

Understanding PSA Level Test Results

PSA test results are measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. Generally, levels below 4 ng/mL are considered normal, while readings between 4 and 10 ng/mL may warrant further investigation. However, these ranges can vary based on age, with older men typically having naturally higher baseline levels. Healthcare providers consider multiple factors when interpreting results, including:

• Age-specific PSA ranges

• PSA velocity (rate of change over time)

• Free vs. bound PSA percentages

• Overall health history

Factors Affecting PSA Levels

Several factors can influence PSA test results, making it essential to discuss any potential impact with healthcare providers. Common factors include:

• Recent sexual activity

• Urinary tract infections

• Certain medications, particularly those affecting hormone levels

• Prostate manipulation during medical procedures

• Vigorous exercise, especially cycling

• Age and prostate size

When to Seek Medical Attention

While PSA testing provides valuable information, results should always be interpreted by healthcare professionals within the context of overall health. Immediate medical consultation may be necessary if:

• PSA levels show significant increases between tests

• Levels remain elevated in follow-up testing

• Additional symptoms appear, such as difficulty urinating or pelvic pain

• There’s a family history of prostate cancer

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.